적용 시뮬레이션 툴 Simulation Tools Applied
FDS & Smokeview — NIST 개발 화재 시뮬레이션
Fire Simulation
Fire Simulation
NIST 공인 도구
NIST-Certified Tool
NIST-Certified Tool
Smokeview는 미국 국립표준기술연구소(NIST)가 개발한 화재·연기 흐름 시각화 도구입니다. FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)와 연동하여 저속 열구동 유동의 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 수치적으로 풀어냅니다.
Smokeview is a fire and smoke flow visualization tool developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Working with FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), it numerically solves the Navier-Stokes equations for low-speed, thermally driven flow.
Smokeview is a fire and smoke flow visualization tool developed by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Working with FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), it numerically solves the Navier-Stokes equations for low-speed, thermally driven flow.
FDS는 연기 및 열 이동에 중점을 두며, Smokeview는 이를 열분포 및 연기이동에 대한 정량적 평가를 정확하게 시각화하며, 수치값을 제시함으로서 실시간 화재위험도 평가에 효과적으로 사용됩니다.
FDS focuses on smoke and heat transfer, while Smokeview accurately visualizes quantitative assessments of heat distribution and smoke movement. By presenting numerical values, it is effectively used for real-time fire risk evaluation.
FDS focuses on smoke and heat transfer, while Smokeview accurately visualizes quantitative assessments of heat distribution and smoke movement. By presenting numerical values, it is effectively used for real-time fire risk evaluation.
FDS 주요 결과물 예시
Examples of Key FDS Outputs
Examples of Key FDS Outputs
온도 슬라이스
Temperature Slice
Temperature Slice
화재 지점 주변의 수평·수직 단면 온도 분포를 색상 등고선으로 표현합니다. 최고 온도 지점과 열 확산 범위를 파악할 수 있습니다.
It displays the temperature distribution in horizontal and vertical cross-sections around the fire source using color contours. This helps identify peak temperature zones and the range of heat spread.
It displays the temperature distribution in horizontal and vertical cross-sections around the fire source using color contours. This helps identify peak temperature zones and the range of heat spread.
연기 농도 3D 시각화
3D Smoke Density Visualization
3D Smoke Density Visualization
연기 밀도를 반투명 3D 볼륨으로 렌더링합니다. 교량 하부 공간의 연기 충전 시간과 피난 가능 시간을 산정하는 데 활용됩니다.
It renders smoke density as a translucent 3D volume. It is used to estimate smoke filling time and available evacuation time in the space beneath a bridge.
It renders smoke density as a translucent 3D volume. It is used to estimate smoke filling time and available evacuation time in the space beneath a bridge.
속도 벡터 플롯
Velocity Vector Plot
Velocity Vector Plot
화재 부력에 의한 열기류 흐름 방향과 속도를 벡터로 표시합니다. 연기 이동 경로와 환기 효과 분석에 유용합니다.
It shows the direction and speed of heat-driven airflow caused by fire buoyancy using vectors. This is useful for analyzing smoke movement paths and ventilation effectiveness.
It shows the direction and speed of heat-driven airflow caused by fire buoyancy using vectors. This is useful for analyzing smoke movement paths and ventilation effectiveness.
벽면 온도 시계열
Wall Surface Temperature Time Series
Wall Surface Temperature Time Series
교량 거더·교각 표면의 시간에 따른 온도 변화를 그래프로 나타냅니다. 철근 변태점인 약 500°C 도달 여부를 판단하는 기준이 됩니다.
It graphs the change in temperature over time on the surfaces of bridge girders and piers. This serves as a basis for determining whether the reinforcement transformation point of approximately 500°C has been reached.
It graphs the change in temperature over time on the surfaces of bridge girders and piers. This serves as a basis for determining whether the reinforcement transformation point of approximately 500°C has been reached.
평가 결과 Evaluation Results
교량 거더·교각 온도 평가 결과
Evaluation Results of Bridge Girder and Pier Temperatures
Evaluation Results of Bridge Girder and Pier Temperatures
3D 열분포 시각화
3D Thermal Distribution Visualization
3D Thermal Distribution Visualization
화재 지점 교량 거더(상부) 및 교각(하부) 표면의 최고 온도를 3D 색상 분포로 시각화합니다. 청색(저온)에서 황백색(고온)까지 열분포를 직관적으로 확인할 수 있습니다.
This visualizes the peak temperatures on the surfaces of the bridge girder (upper part) and pier (lower part) at the fire location using a 3D color distribution. The thermal spread can be intuitively understood from blue (low temperature) to yellow-white (high temperature).
This visualizes the peak temperatures on the surfaces of the bridge girder (upper part) and pier (lower part) at the fire location using a 3D color distribution. The thermal spread can be intuitively understood from blue (low temperature) to yellow-white (high temperature).
벽면 온도 시계열 그래프
Wall Temperature Time-Series Graph
Wall Temperature Time-Series Graph
화재 발생 후 약 100초에 최고 720°C에 도달하며, 이후 점차 냉각되어 3,600초(1시간) 후 약 50°C로 안정화됩니다.
After the fire starts, the temperature reaches a peak of 720°C at about 100 seconds, then gradually cools and stabilizes at around 50°C after 3,600 seconds (1 hour).
After the fire starts, the temperature reaches a peak of 720°C at about 100 seconds, then gradually cools and stabilizes at around 50°C after 3,600 seconds (1 hour).